Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Introduction to Digital Rights and their
representation, Introduction to DRM concepts,
classification and risk analysis
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
German National Library (DNB)
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation and
Digital Rights Management
10 March 2014
Co-ordinated by
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Objectives
Digital Rights and Access Management (DRM)
What does it mean and what is the challenge in the context of long-term
preservation?
Digital Rights
• in particular the challenge of their
•
preservation and protection over the
long-term
Q:
-
What are Digital Rights?
How they can preserved?
Why it is a challenge?
Digital Management of Digital Rights
• digital rights associated with digital
•
•
content
the protection and management of
digital rights is also viewed as taking
place digitally
Q:
-
Which DRM techniques and tools are
used?
Why DRM carries risk for the long-term
preservation?
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Approach
• Develop a common understanding of
Digital Rights
and
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
"Digital Rights Management (DRM) involves the description, layering, analysis, valuation, trading and monitoring of
the rights over an enterprise's tangible and intangible assets. DRM covers the digital management of rights - be they
rights in a physical manifestation of a work (eg a book), or be they rights in a digital manifestation of a work (eg an
ebook). “ from: Iannella, R. (2002). Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) Version 1.1. Retrieved 11 25, 2013, from W3C: http://www.w3.org/TR/odrl/
• Review of existing standards, documents, projects and initiatives
• Analysis results of DRM surveys (like The Dutch DRM survey and the
APARSEN DRM survey) and consider concrete user scenarios
• Provide a common view of the current State-of-the-Art in DRM
techniques and tools (desktop research)
• Classification and Evaluation of DRM techniques against their impact
and risk on the long-term preservation (desktop research)
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Digital Rights
• Digital rights refers to the ‘rights’ associated with accessing, using,
creating and publishing digital content. The rights can relate to usage
permissions as well as access preferences or limitations imposed upon
digital content.
• To preserve digital rights information a form of
their digital representation is needed
=> Rights Expression Languages (RELs):
• Examples of RELs:
–
–
–
–
–
Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL),
METSRights,
XrML,
CopyrightMD
PREMIS
from: http://www.loc.gov/standards/rights/METSRights.xsd
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Digital Preservation and metadata
•
•
One key implementation
challenge: preservation
metadata
Important: long-term
preservation of (preservation)
metadata
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provenance: Who has had
custody/ownership of the digital object?
Authenticity: Is the digital object what it
purports to be?
Preservation Activity: What has been
done to preserve it?
Technical Environment: What is
needed to render and use it?
Rights Management: Who and what is
allowed to access and use it?
Makes digital objects selfdocumenting across time
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
PREMIS data model and Rights Statements
•
•
Example:
• Marcel Ras grants KB digital
repository permission to make
three copies of
ncdd_workplan.pdf for
preservation purposes.
An agreement with a rights holder
that grants permission for the
repository to undertake an action(s)
associated with an Object(s) in the
repository.
Not a full rights expression
language; focuses exclusively on
permissions that take the form:
– Agent X grants Permission Y to
the repository in regard to
Object Z.
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Digital Rights Management
• What is Digital Rights Management (DRM)?
Prevention
unauthorized access
unintentional use
Access
Use
legal infringements
intentional use
Control
Monitoring
Tracking
Invoice
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Identified most common DRM variants
• Classification
1. DATA CARRIER COPY
PROTECTION
2. LIGHTWEIGHT DRM
(LWDRM)
3. ENCRYPTION-BASED
PASSWORD PROTECTION
4. DRM SYSTEMS
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Identified most common DRM variants
• Classification
1. DATA CARRIER COPY
PROTECTION
2. LIGHTWEIGHT DRM
(LWDRM)
3. ENCRYPTION-BASED
PASSWORD PROTECTION
4. DRM SYSTEMS
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Evaluation
• Evaluation scale
Value
Characterization
no risk
No risk for future LTP measures
medium
Possible to use at present (at time of publication) in up-to-date
hard and software environment, current LTP measures restricted,
no external dependencies, medium risk for future LTP measures
high
Use and LTP measures already (currently) restricted, high risk for
implementation of LTP measures in the future as result of
external dependencies
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Evaluation
DRM category
Risk
1. Data carrier copy protection
medium
2. Lightweight DRM
no risk
3. Encryption-based password protection
medium
4. DRM systems
high
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Challenges
• Preservation of digital rights over the long-term
• Update digital rights information in cases of changing legislative base
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIGITAL
RIGHTS
• DRM could be medium- or high-risky for the long-term preservation,
because: DRM
– restricts access (downloading, streaming)
– controls use (viewing, playing, copying, dissemenation, resell)
• => DRM could hinder preventive and subsequent LTP measures
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE HANDLING OF DRM PROTECTED OBJECTS
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Many thanks
• Report on DRM preservation:
http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/plugins/downloadmonitor/download.php?id=D31.1+Report+on+DRM+preservation
Introduction to Digital Rights and DRM
Stefan Hein, [email protected]
APARSEN Webinar: Long Term Preservation
and Digital Rights Management, 10 March 2014
aparsen.eu
#APARSEN
aparsen.eu
Network of Excellence
#APARSEN